![]() Several studies associate reduced geographical mobility with increased risk of social exclusion, reduced psychological well-being and lower-income. The main idea behind studying the geographical mobility of migrants groups is that by understanding their travelling behavior it is possible to have an indirect measure of migrant’s integration and well-being. This article aims to study and explain the travelling behaviour of migrant groups at a global level using Facebook audience estimates. However, to provide more solid evidence on whether our findings are also valid for the general population, collaboration with Facebook is required to better understand how the data is being produced and pre-processed. Moreover, the reduced mobility of women who have lived or currently live in countries with conservative gender norms capture another aspect of the integration which is referring to socio-cultural norms and gender inequality. ![]() Such mobility inequalities impede the smooth integration of migrants from low-income countries to new destinations and their well-being. We found strong indications that the frequency of travelling is lower for Facebook users migrating from low-income countries and for women migrating from or living in countries with high gender inequality. Using these data, we modelled the travelling behaviour of Facebook users grouped by countries of previous and current residence, gender and age. Facebook classifies its users based on multiple attributes such as the country of their previous residence, and whether they are frequent travellers. Facebook audience estimates are timely, openly available and cover most of the countries in the world. Reduced geographical mobility is associated with increased risk of social exclusion and reduced socio-economic and psychological well-being. The paper explores the travelling behaviour of migrant groups using Facebook audience estimates. Data can be requested from the corresponding author Mr Spyridon Spyratos ( or from Mr Francesco Sermi ( European Commission - Joint Research Centre (JRC) Demography, Migration and Governance Unit, TP 266, Via E.Fermi 2749, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy. Due to legal requirements regarding the publication of Facebook data, the minimal data underlying the results of this study are available for academic purposes upon request. ![]() We confirm that we, as authors, did not have any special data access privileges that others would not have. Recent Facebook audience estimate data, describing the same attributes as the one used in the study, are openly available from Facebook, through Facebook’s Marketing Application Programming Interface (API). GUID: F50D65E4-DDD4-4B9E-921F-82B997CFFCE1 Data Availability StatementĪll data used in this study are openly available, and the data sources are specified in the data section of the manuscript.
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